Tailored BiVO₄/In₂O₃ nanostructures with boosted charge separation ability toward unassisted water splitting

The development of new heterostructures with high photoactivity is a breakthrough for the limitation solar-driven water splitting. Here, we first introduce indium oxide (In2O3) nanorods (NRs) as novel electron transport layer bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) short charge diffusion length. In2O3 NRs reinforce and hole blocking BiVO4, surpassing state-of-the-art photoelectrochemical performances BiVO4-based photoanodes. Also, tannin–nickel–iron complex (TANF) used an oxygen evolution catalyst to speed up reaction kinetics. final TANF/BiVO4/In2O3 NR photoanode generates photocurrent densities 7.1 mA cm−2 in sulfite oxidation 4.2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, “artificial leaf,” which tandem cell perovskite/silicon solar cell, shows solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency 6.2% unbiased We reveal significant advances from tailored nanostructure band structure dynamics.